Background:  

    This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded 

    protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct 

    functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, 

    the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate

    and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have

    uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity 

    against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of 

    additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a 

    transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in 

    the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.